Methods of Teaching

Objectives of Teaching

Various Teaching Methods or tools

Steps of class teaching

Outline or general idea

Teaching of Law

Factors affecting in selection of teaching method

Classification of teaching methods

Autocratic style

Permissive style

II

Lecture Method

Objectives of Lecture Method

Utility of Lecture Method

I.             Saving of Time

II.          Saving of Energy

III.       Minimum resources

IV.       Easy to Understand

V.          Quickly repeated and modified

VI.       Introduction and summarizing a subject matter

VII.    Simplify Technicality

VIII. Provide Background

Guidelines for lecture method

Merits of Lecture Method

i.          Creating a right atmosphere

ii.        Economic

iii.      Time saving

iv.      Easier

v.       Useful for structured syllabus

Demerits of Lecture Method

i          Students are mere passive listeners.

ii        Not useful for practical subject like Law

iii      Requires trained and skilled Teachers.

iv.      Monotonous

v.        A heavy teaching Load on teachers

vi       Language as a barrier

vii     Not suitable for all students

Effectiveness of Lecture Method

Discussion Method

Steps in Discussion

(a)      Active involvement of teacher.

(b)      Passive involvement of teacher.

Kinds of Discussion Method

(a)      Informal discussion

(b)     Formal Discussion

Discussion procedure

Merits of discussion method.

Limitations of discusson method

Guidelines for discussion method

Problem Solving Method

Utility in legal education

Objectives of Problem solving

Guidelines for using problem solving method

Steps in problem solving method

Advantages

Disadvantages

Objective of seminar method

Role in seminar

Steps in seminar

Types of seminar

Advantages

Limitations of seminar method

Clinical Method

Legal Education in India

Need of clinical legal education

Nature of clinical Education

Characteristics of clinical Method

Objects of Clinical legal Education

Some Clinical Programmes

Moot Court

Legal Services

Lok Adalats

Role Playing

Characteristics of Role Playing

Merits of role playing

Demerits of role playing

Law Commission of India 184th Report (December, 2002)

Chapter I—Introductory

Chapter II—Respective Roles of The Bar Council of India And UGC

Chapter III—Membership of the Legal Education Committee of the Bar Council of India Chapter IV—The UGC Committee on Legal Education and the Consultation Process

Chapter V—Standards of Legal Education, Legal Skills and Values (Mac Crate Report) and New Globalization Challenges and Accreditation

Chapter VI—Alternative Dispute Resolution training for students as well as lawyers

Chapter VII—Adjunct Teachers from the Bar & Bench

Chapter VIII—Permissions and Inspections

Chapter IX—Examination System, Problem Method and Training Centres for Law Teachers

Chapter X—Education on Legal Education Literature

Chapter XI—Derecognition of University and Disaffiliation of College

Chapter XII—Training and Apprenticeship

Chapter XIII—Disqualification of Employees Dismissed or Removed from Service and Section 24A

Chapter XIV—Summary of Recommendations

The National Knowledge Commission

1.      Regulatory Reform: A New Standing Committee for Legal Education

2.      Prioritise Quality and Develop A Rating System

3.      Curriculum Development

4.      Examination System

5.      Measures to Attract and Retain Talented Faculty

6.      Developing A Research Tradition in Law Schools and Universities

7.       Centres for Advanced Legal Studies and Research (CALSAR)

8.      Financing of Legal Education

9.      Dimensions of Internationalisation

10.    Technology for Dissemination of Legal Knowledge

and Assessment System

Indian Education System

Demerits of Indian education system

Inadequate infrastructure and Human Resources

Inclusion of Private institution

Language as resist

Stereotype curriculum

Bulky Course Content

Mechanical and lifeless methods of teaching

Functional aspect of education missing

More emphasis on exterior look than soul

Encourages mediocrity

Mushroom of educational institution

Deterioration of standard education

Financial challenges

The examination system in India

Pattern of examinations

Annual Examination pattern

Semester Examinations pattern

Trimesters Examinations pattern

Supplementary Examination pattern

Drawbacks of Examination System in India

a.   Improper coordination among different authorities

b.   Expectation to rote memory than analytical view

c.   Undue pressure on student

d    More theory and less practice

e.   Delayed or Mistaken Delivery of Question Papers

f.    Cancellation of Exams

g.   Delayed and Unpredictable Result

h.   Typographic or Printing errors

i.    Increased Workload

j.    Deficient or Untrained staff

k.   Undersupplied security facilities

L.   Malpractice in Examinations

m.  Non Availability of Faculty

n.    Lack of adequate technical staff

Challenges for Legal education

Insertion of new subjects

Propositions

Embrace technological infrastructure

Maintenance of IT initiatives

Marks system needs to be substituted

Eradication of corruption or dishonesty from education

Emphasis on skill based education

Incorporation of Public Speaking Skills

Assessment

Types of assessment

1.       Initial, formative and summative

2.       Internal and External Assessment

3.       Informal and formal assessment/Observations and writing assessments

4.       Objective and subjective Assessment

5.       Referencing: criterion-referenced  or norm-referenced

Purposes of assessment

Reliability and Validity

Problems of Assessment

Assessment in 21st century

Democratic model of Assessment

PART-B

Chapter I

What is Research

Objectives of Research

Definitions

Meaning of methodology

Types of research

Types of educational research

(i)      Fundamental Research

(ii)     Applied Research

(iii)   Action Research

Limitations of Research

Steps in Research Process

Formulation of research problem

Review of literature

Conceptualizing of research design

Collection of data (selection of methods and tools)

Analysis of data (editing, coding and tabulation)

Interpretation of data

Generalization and writing a research report

Legal Research

Legal Research and Laws Reforms

Searching techniques of Internet

Some illustrations

Tips Search the footnotes & bibliography to find other sources

Legal research Methodology

1.       Legal Sources

(a)      Primary authority of law

(b)      Secondary authority of law

2.     Non legal sources

        (i)    study the system of values

        (ii)   Study the practice of law

        (iii)  Study the normative character

        (iv)  study the procedural validity

        (v)  compare the international and municipal law

        (vi) Legal impact analysis

Utility of legal research

Steps in Legal Research

Legal Reasoning

Logic

Deductive Method

Merits of Deductive method

Demerits of Deductive method

Inductive Method

An Example of the Inductive Method Is

The steps in Inductive Method

Merits of Inductive method

Demerits of Inductive method

Research Approaches

Difference

Hypothesis

Definitions of hypothesis

Assumption, Postulates, Problem and hypothesis

Sources of hypothesis

Process for the formulating or developing of hypothesis

Nature of hypothesis

Characteristics of hypothesis

Problems in formulation of the hypothesis

Process of formulating hypothesis

Kinds of hypothesis

Sources of hypothesis

Importance of Hypothesis in legal Research

Selection and Formulation of Problem

Identification of research Problem

Selection of problem in legal research

Sources of problem

How do we select a problem

Criteria for selection of the problem

Formulation of Problem

Research design

Defining the information needed

Designing the exploratory, descriptive, and causal phases of the research;

Specifying the measurement and scaling procedures

Constructing and pretesting a questionnaire or any other form for data collection

Specifying the sampling process and sample size

Developing a plan of data analysis

Preparation of a synopsis for the research

Utility of Research Design

Approaches of Research

Quantitative Approach

Qualitative Approach

Sampling Technique

Sampling when used

Advantages of Sampling

Choice of Samples

Procedure to select a sample

Methods of Sampling

Sampling Methods

I.    Probability Sampling

(i)      Simple Random Sampling

Method of Randomization

Advantages of Random Sampling

Disadvantages of Random Sampling

(ii)     Systematic Sampling

Advantages of Systematic Sampling

Disadvantages of systematic sampling

(iii)  Stratified sampling

Kinds of stratified sampling

Advantages of stratified sampling

Disadvantages of stratified sampling

(iv)    Cluster sampling

Advantages of cluster sampling

Disadvantages of cluster sampling

(v)      Multistage sampling

Advantages of multistage sampling

Disadvantages of multistage sampling

II.    Non Probability sampling

(i)      Incidental sampling

Advantages

Disadvantages

(ii)     Judgment sampling or purposive sampling

Advantages

Disadvantages

(iii)   Convenience sampling

Advantages

Disadvantages

(iv)    Quota Sampling

Advantages

Disadvantage

Chapter VIII

Doctrinal research

Non-doctrinal research

Empirical Research

Doctrinal research

Sources of doctrinal research

Essential characteristics of doctrinal research

Non-doctrinal research

Sources of non-doctrinal research

Essentials of non-doctrinal research

Distinction between doctrinal and non-doctrinal Research

Empirical Method

Nature of empirical research

Steps

Utility of empirical method in legal research

Merits

Research design for non-doctrinal research

Title

Objective of study

formula of hypothesis

Methodology

Selection of sample

Sources of data

Data collection

Analysis and interpretation of data

Verification of findings

Conceptualization

Methods and Tools for

Data Collection in Legal Research

Distinction between primary and secondary data

Categories of legal research materials

The Choice of data

Primary sourtes

Primary authority

(i)      The judiciary

(ii)     The Legislature

(iii)  The Executive

Primary - field sources

i       observation

ii.       questionnaire DL Schedule

IV.      Interview

V.       Case study method

Secondary sources