CONTENTS
CHAPTER: 1. IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Article-12. Definition
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Right to Equality
Article—14.-—Equality before law
Article—16.—Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty
Article 21-A: Right to education
Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Article—23: Right against Exploitation
Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
Article—24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc
Article 31-B: Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
Article 31-C: Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
Right to Constitutional Remedies
Article 32: Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
Article 34: Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
Fundamental Duties
Article 51-A
CHAPTER: 2 LAW AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN INDIA
Judicial Precedents
Administration of Justice in India
Original Jurisdiction
Appellate Jurisdiction
The power to review
The High Court and its powers
Subordinate Courts
Tribunals
Arbitration
Consumer Forums
CHAPTER: 3 JURISDICTION, COGNIZANCE AND PROFESSIONAL INVESTIGATION
Status, Right and Role of Private Professionals
Pitch for Professional Investigators v. Law Enforcement Agencies
CHAPTER : 4 CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT/RECONSTRUCTION
What is a scene of crime? The place of occurrence?
Types of physical evidence encountered in different types of cases
Scene management and investigation
Scene search as a general process
Duties & responsibilities of scene investigator
CHAPTER : 5 FINGER PRINT PRESERVATION AND EXAMINATION
“Faces can lie, fingerprints never do”
Uses of fingerprints
Print types
1. Latent prints
2. Patent or Visible prints
3. Plastic prints
Search for prints
Development of Latent prints
Classifying fingerprints
Pattern
Delta
Core
Types of pattern
Composite
Approach to identification and comparison of fingerprints
Automated Fingerprint Identification System
CHAPTER: 6 EVIDENCE COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION
Introduction
Relevance
Foundation
Types of Evidences
Sealing
Collection of Evidences
1. Blood Stains
2. Hair
3. Fibers and Threads
4. Glass
5. Paint
6. Tool Marks
7. Questioned Documents
CHAPTER: 7 IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF INDIAN PENAL CODE
Section 120-A Definition of Criminal conspiracy
Essential ingredients
Section 120-B: Punishment of Criminal conspiracy
Section 299: Culpable homicide
Section 300. Murder
When culpable homicide is not murder
Section 304 B. Dowry death
339. Wrongful restraint
340. Wrongful Confinement
Prevent from proceeding
Section 378. Theft
Section 403. Dishonest misappropriation of property
Section 405. Criminal breach of trust
Section 415. Cheating
Section 420. Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property
CHAPTER: 8 SECURITY INTELLIGENCE IN INTERNAL VIGILANCE AT FACTORIES/
WORK—PLACES
Why Vigilance
Role of Vigilance in our Context
Types of Corruption
Implementation
Suggestions
Security Intelligence Management-Involvement of Security Providers with Client in Formulating Corporate Affairs Philosophy
CHAPTER: 9 IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT
Introduction
Important Legal Aspects in the Act
Section 3 Interpretation clause
Explanation
Section 5. Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts
Section 6. Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction
Section 7. Facts which are occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue
Section 8. Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct
Section 9. Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts
Section 10. Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design
Section 11. When Facts not otherwise relevant become relevant
Section 13. Facts relevant when right or custom is in question
Section 27. How much of information received from accused may be proved
1. The Constitution of India
2. The Indian Evidence Act
Section 51 of the Indian Evidence Act
Section 73 of the Indian Evidence Act
Dying declaration under clause (1) of section 32
Section 118 who may testify as witness is important as Private Investigator can also testify as witness
CHAPTER: 10 EXPLOSIVE INVESTIGATION
Introduction
Explosive
Types of Explosive
Primary Explosives
Low Explosives
High Explosives
Blasting Agents
History of manufacture and use of Explosives
Explosives Investigation
Location and collection
The Scene of Explosion
1. Proper planning of the handling of the scene of explosion is indispensable
2. The clue at the scene of explosion are from:
3. Collection of clues
4. Evaluation
CHAPTER: 11 THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Introduction
Functioning of a Camera
Rules for Photography
Crime scene photography
Digital Camera
CHAPTER: 12 FIRE AND ARSON INVESTIGATION
Introduction
Chemical reaction
Temperatures of flames by appearance
Arson fire
Types of initiators
Types of accelerators
Motives of Arson
Profile of an arsonist
Hole of Fire Investigator and Security Managers
Investigative checklist
Aspects of Inquiry
Steps for Investigation
Collection of Clues
CHAPTER: 13 ANTI ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS
Reasons for Committing Espionage
Preventing Industrial Espionage
Technical Security
Operational Security
Physical Security
Personnel Security
CHAPTER:14 HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION
Introduction
Protection of Human Right Act, 1993
National Human Rights Commission
The Indian Context
Implementation of Human Rights in India
International Human Rights Developments
Universal declaration of Human Rights
Classification of human rights in UDHR
Role of Private Investigators and Security personnel in protection of Human Rights
a. Protection of Human rights in situation of.Terrorism and insurgencies
b. Investigation in custodial deaths, Fake Encounters & cases of torture
c. Investigation of Crime against women& children
Directive Principles for Investigators/ Security Managers
CHAPTER: 15 IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL
PROCEDURE, 1973
The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
The Provisions
Section 2. Definition of important words only are given here under
Section 12. Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate
Section 17. Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and Additional Chief Metropolitan
Magistrate
Section 20. Executive Magistrates
Section 26. Power of Courts
Section 27. Jurisdiction in the case of juveniles
Section 28. Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass
Section 29. Sentences which Magistrates may pass:
Section 41. Arrest of Persons when police may arrest without warrant
Section 42. Arrest on refusal to give name and residence
Section 43. Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest
Section 82. Proclamation for person absconding
Section 125. Order for Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents
Section 154. Information in cognizable cases
Section 156. Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable case
Section 197. Prosecution of Judges and public servants
Complaints to Magistrates
Section 200. Examination of complainant
Trial before a Court of Session
Section 225. Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor
Section 227. Discharge
Section 228. Framing of charge
Section 232. Acquittal
Section 291. Deposition of medical witness
Section 292. Evidence of officers of the Mint
Section 293. Reports of certain Government scientific experts
Section 57. Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours
Section 97. Search for persons wrongfully confined
Section 330. Release of lunatic pending investigation or trial
Provisions as to Offences Affecting the Administration of Justice
Section 340. Procedure in cases mentioned in section 195
CHAPTER: 16 TERRORISM, COUNTERTERRORISM AND INTELLIGENCE GATHERING
Introduction
Sociological profile of Terrorism
Age
Educational, Occupational and Socioeconomic Background:
Terrorist Leaders
Psychological Aspects
Terrorists Goals
Immediate Goals
For Security Managers to understand and implement
Terrorist Profiling: Knowing the Enemy
To understand terrorists you need to know more about their tactics:
The Early Warning Signals and Surprise: Detect the Terrorist
Terrorist Group Mindset Profiling
Terrorists can be separated into different categories
Intelligence gathering
International Terrorism in India
Terrorist Outfits in India
Underworld & Terrorism
Suicide Bombing
Cyber Terrorism
Tool
Target
Steps for a layman to counter cyber terrorism
Steps to counter Terrorism
Anti -Terror Laws in India (in force from time to time)
CHAPTER: 17 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
The need for accident investigation
Investigation procedure
Fact finding
Injured victims
Physical Evidence
Eyewitness Accounts
Interviewing
Background Information
Report writing
CHAPTER: 18 UNDERSTANDING & INTRODUCING FORENSIC SCIENCE EVIDENCE
What is Forensic Science?
Principles of Forensic Science Evidence
1. The law of Individuality
2. The principle of Exchange
3. The principle of Progressive change
4. The principle of Comparison
5. Principle of Analysis
6. Law and Principles of Probability
Facts do not lie
Expert’s Report
Role of Prosecution Counsel or that of a Private Advocate
1. Establish the Bona fide of the Expert
2. Understand the Evidence
3. Ensure Induction of Demonstrative Evidence
4. Anticipate the Defence Line
5. Listen to the cross examination attentively
Laws Governing Forensic Science or Expert’s Evidence
1. The Constitution of India
2. The Indian Evidence Act
3. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973
4. The Identification of Prisoner's Act
5. Case laws and laws of conventions
Roles of Private Investigators, their Clients, Advocates and Private Forensic Science Experts
CHAPTER: 19 THE ART AND SCIENCE OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING
‘Science’ of Interrogation:
What is Investigative Interviewing?
Human Psychology—In understanding personality type of witness
Practical Application
Following tips would be of help
Something that did not ring true though it sounded like true
Why Interviews
Who to Interview
Interviewing Skills
Aims and objectives of Investigative Interviews:
Investigative Interviews
What is active listening?
Common interviewing errors
CHAPTER: 20 BODY LANGUAGE—NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Non-Verbal Communications
Here it is and Mow to Know Your Customer’s Personality
Enacting Projections
Make Believe Strategy
Looking, Seeing Observing
Universal Non-Verbal Behaviours
Behavioural Patterns
Body Language
So get a Leg up on Body Language. How?
A deceptive person’s body language would generally exhibit following signs:
1. Learn the art of interview/interrogation
2. Master the Facts
3. Talk about other persons
4. Study his attire carefully
5. Master the art of reading body language
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