CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Definition
Public International Law and Private International Law
General International Law and Particular International Law
Nature of International Law
International Law is a True Law
International Law is a Weak Law
International Law is the Vanishing point of Jurisprudence
Basis of International Law
CHAPTER 2
SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Custom
Treaties
General Principles of Law Recognised by the Civilized Nations
Judicial Decisions
Writings of Jurists
Equity
Resolutions of the General Assembly
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW
International Law in Ancient Period
International Law in Middle Ages
Grotius
Three Schools of International Law
International Law in Nineteenth Century
International Law in Twentieth Century
Codification of International Law
CHAPTER 4
AND MUNICIPAL LAW
Dualistic Theory
Monistic Theory
Practice of States Regarding Relationship
CHAPTER 5
Realist Theory
Fictional Theory
Functional Theory
CHAPTER 6
Kinds of States
Sovereign States
Not-fully Sovereign States
Protectorate States
Vassal States
Trust Territories
Not-typical States
Holy See
Neutralized States
CHAPTER 7
RECOGNITION
Recognition of States
Law on Recognition of States
Theories of Recognition
Forms of Recognition
Modes of Recognition
Recognition of Government-in-exile
Pre-mature or Precipitate Recognition
Conditional Recognition
Consequences of Recognition
Is Recognition a Duty of a State ?
Withdrawal of Recognition
Retroactive Effects of Recognition
Recognition of Governments
Recognition of Belligerency
Recognition of Insurgency
CHAPTER 8
STATE TERRITORY
Land Territory
National Waters
Rivers
Canals
Straits
Bays
Territorial Sea
Air Space
Subsoil under Earth
CHAPTER 9
LAW OF THE SEA
First and Second United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982
Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1994) Territorial Sea (formerly called the Territorial Waters)
Innocent Passage
Indian Position on Territorial Sea
Contiguous Zone
Continental Shelf
Definition and Outer Limit of Continental Shelf
Indian Position on Continental Shelf
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Indian Position on EEZ
Waters of the Archipelagic States
High Seas
Freedom of the High Seas
Agreement Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (1995)
Piracy
Land-locked States
Deep Sea Mining
International Sea-bed Area
International Sea-bed Authority
Settlement of Disputes
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
CHAPTER 10
OUTER SPACE
Outer Space
Law on Outer Space
Outer Space Treaty of 1967
Other International Conventions on Outer Space
The Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (1968)
The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (1971)
The Convention on the Registration of Objects Laurfched into Space for the Exploration or Use of Outer Space (1974)
The Agreement Governing Activities of States on Moon and other Celestial Bodies
Draft Principles on Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space
Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer-Space
CHAPTER 11
MODES OF ACQUISITION OF STATE TERRITORY
Occupation
Annexation
Accretion
Prescription
Cession
Award
Plebiscite
Modes of Loss of State Territory
Secession
Grant of Independence by the Metropolitan State
Dereliction (or Abandonment or Relinquishment)
Vanishment (or Disappearance)
CHAPTER 12
Kinds of State Succession
Universal Succession
Partial Succession State Succession—Voluntary and by Revolt
Succession of State and Government
Theories of State Succession
Law of State Succession
Consequences of State Succession
Treaties
Membership of International Organizations
Public Property
State Archives
Public Debt
Contracts
Torts
Laws
Nationality
Private Rights
CHAPTER 13
STATE JURISDICTION
Territorial Jurisdiction
Limitations, on Territorial Jurisdiction
Civil Jurisdiction
Criminal Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction on the High Seas
CHAPTER 14
STATE RESPONSIBILITY
Kinds of State Responsibility
Direct State Responsibility
Indirect State Responsibility
Calvo clause
State Responsibility to Other Subjects of International Law
Consequences of States Responsibility
CHAPTER 15
Rights of Individuals
Duties of Individuals
CHAPTER 16
NATIONALITY
Definition
Nationality and Citizenship
Modes of Acquisition of Nationality
Modes of Loss of Nationality
Double Nationality
Nationality of Married Women
Statelessness
CHAPTER 17
ALIENS
Admission of Aliens
Rights of Aliens
Exhausion of Local Remedies Rule
Duties of Aliens
Expulsion of Aliens
Expulsion en masse of Aliens
Expropriation of Alien Property
CHAPTER 18
EXTRADITION
Definition
Purpose of Extradition
Is Extradition a Legal Duty of a State ?
Extradition and Deportation
Law of Extradition
Extradition Treaties
Extradition of Political Offenders
Doctrine of Double Criminality
Rule of Specialty
Prima Facie Evidence
Time-barred Crimes
Extradition of Own Nationals
Military Offenders
CHAPTER 19
ASYLUM
Basis of Asylum
Reasons for Asylum
Is Asylum a Right of a Person ?
Forms of Asylum
Territorial Asylum
Extra-Territorial Asylum
Asylum in the Premises of International Institutions
Asylum and Extradition
CHAPTER 20
DIPLOMATIC AGENTS AND CONSULS
Law on Diplomatic Agents
Classification of Diplomatic Agents
Staff of a Diplomatic Mission
Functions of Diplomatic Agents
Diplomatic Immunities
Basis of Diplomatic Immunities
Immunities and Privileges of Diplomatic Agents
Inviolability of Diplomatic Agents
Inviolability of Premises
Immunity from the Local Jurisdiction
Immunity from giving Witnesses
Immunity from Taxes and Customs Duties
Immunity from Inspection of Personal Baggage
Freedom of Communication
Freedom of Movement and Travel
Right to Worship
Immunity from Social Security provisions
Immunity from Local and Military obligations
Waiver of Immunity
Duration of Immunities
Immunities to Diplomatic Agents and Third States
Termination of Diplomatic Mission
Termination of the Head of the Mission
Termination of the Mission as a whole
Consuls
CHAPTER 21
TREATIES
Definition
The Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties
Kinds of Treaties
Who Can be Parties to a Treaty
Formation of a Treaty
Pacta Sunt Servanda
Free Consent of the Parties
Reservations
Pacta Tertis Nec Nocent Nec Prosunt
Jus Cogens
Part Performance of a Treaty
Rebus Sic Stantibus
Invalidity of Treaties
Termination of Treaties
CHAPTER 22
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
Definition
Kinds of International Organisations
Legal Personality of the Organisations
Legal Functions of the Organisations
Evolution of International Organisations
League of Nations
CHAPTER 23
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
Preamble of the United Nations
Purposes of the United Nations
Principles of the United Nations
Membership of the United Nations
Subsequent Members (Admission of a Member)
Suspension of a Member
Expulsion of a Member
Withdrawal From the Organisation
Observer and Permanent Observer Status
Self Defence.
Regional Arrangements
Amendments
Legal Status of the United Nations
Peace-keeping Operations
Declaration on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the United Natiolis
2005 World Summit Outcome
Achievements of the United Nations
Organs of the United Nations.
CHAPTER 24
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Composition
Voting System
Functions and Powers
Effect of the Resolutions of the General Assembly
Structure of the General Assembly
CHAPTER 25
SECURITY-COUNCIL
Composition
Expansion of the Membership of the Security Council
India’s case for the Permanent Seat in the Security Council
Voting System
Veto Power
The So-called ‘Double Veto’
Functions of the Security Council
Maintenance of International Peace and Security
Miscellaneous Functions
Functions in Relation to International Court of Justice
Collective Security
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
Composition
Voting System
Powers and Functions
Functions Relating to Specialized Agencies
Functional Commissions
Regional Commissions
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
Trusteeship Council
Composition
Voting System and Procedure
Factions and Powers
Achievements of the Trusteeship Council
Suspension of the Operation of the Trusteeship Council.
CHAPTER 28
THE SECRETARIAT
Composition
Appointment of the Secretary-General
Functions of the Secretary-General
Functions of the Secretary-General in Relation to International Court of Justice
Appointment of Deputy Secretary-General.
Appointment of Other Members of the Secretariat
CHAPTER 29
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice
Composition of the Court
Access to the Court
Jurisdiction of the Court
Contentious jurisdiction
Advisory Jurisdiction
Law Applied by the Court
Judgment of the Court
Enforcement of the Judgment
Evaluation of the Court
Role of the Court in the Development of International Law
CHAPTER 30
SPECIALIZED AGENCIES
(1) International Labour Organisation (ILO)
(2) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
(3) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
(4) World Health Organisation (WHO)
(5) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
(6) International Finance Corporation (IFC)
(7) International Development Association (IDA)
(8) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(9) International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
(10) Universal Postal Union (UPU)
(11) International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
(12) World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)
(13) International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
(14) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
(15) World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
(16) United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO)
(17) World Tourism Organisation (WTO)
CHAPTER 31
Legal and Political Disputes
Amicable Means (Pacific Means)
Extra-Judicial Peaceful means
Negotiation
Good Offices and Mediation
Conciliation
Inquiry
By the United Nations
Judicial Settlement
Arbitration
International Court of Justice
Compulsive or Coercive Means
Retortion
Reprisals
Embargo
Pacific Blockade
Intervention
CHAPTER 32
INTERVENTION
Definition
Intervention by Invitation or on Request
Kinds of Intervention
Justification of Intervention
Intervention by a State (Individual Intervention)
Collective Intervention
Humanitarian Intervention
Intervention in Civil War
Monroe Doctrine
Drago Doctrine
CHAPTER 33
WAR
Definition of War
Declaration of War
Legal Regulations on War
War and the United Nations
Effects of the Outbreak of War
CHAPTER 34
ENEMY CHARACTER
Enemy Character of the Individuals
Enemy Character of Corporation
Enemy Character of Goods
Enemy Character of Ships
CHAPTER 35
LAWS OF WARFARE
Laws of Land Warfare
Combatants and Non-Combatants
Treatment of Wounded and Sick Members of the Armed Forces
Treatment of Civilian Persons in Time of War
Prisoners of War
Law of Maritime Warfare
Laws of Aerial Warfare
CHAPTER 36
BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION
Definition
Consequences of Occupation
Rights of the Occupants
Duties of the Occupant
Termination of Occupation
Occupation of Kashmir by Pakistan
CHAPTER 37
WAR CRIMES
Responsibility for War Crimes
War Crimes during Second World War
Nuremberg Trial
Tokyo Trial
Other War Crimes Tribunals
Mai Lai Trial
Trial of Pakistani War Criminals
International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
Other International Criminal Tribunals
CHAPTER 38
NEUTRALITY
Definition
Development of Neutrality
Neutrality Under the United Nations
Rights and Duties of Neutral States
The Alabama Arbitration
CHAPTER 39
BLOCKADE
Definition
Law on Blockade
Establishment of Blockade
Breach of Blockade
End of Blockade
So-called ‘Long-distance Blockade’
CHAPTER 40
CONTRABAND
Definition
Kinds of Goods
Destination
The Doctrine of Continuous Voyage
Consequences of Carriage of Contraband
CHAPTER 41
PRIZE COURTS
Definition
Functions of The Prize Courts
Law Applied by The Prize Courts
CHAPTER 42
Right of Visit and Search
CHAPTER 43
RIGHT OF ANGARY AND POSTLIMINIUM
Right of Angary
Postliminium
PART II—HUMAN RIGHTS
CONCEPT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Meaning of Human Rights
Kinds of Human Rights
Sources of International Human Rights Law
Evolution of the Concept of Human Rights
International Human Rights Law
Human Rights Under the U.N. Charter
Promotion and Protection of Human Rights by the United Nations
Human Rights Bodies under the U.N. System
Human Rights Council
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
Implementation and Monitoring of Human Rights
CHAPTER 45
International Bill of Rights
Preparation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Preamble of the Universal Declaration
Enumeration of Rights in the Declaration
Legal Effect of the Declaration
Influence of the Universal Declaration
India and the Universal Declaration
Universal Declaration as Customary International Law
CHAPTER 46
Preparation of the Drafts of the Two Covenants
Adoption of the Two Covenants
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Implementation of the Covenants
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The Reporting Procedure
Inter-State Communications System
Conciliation Procedure
Individual’s Communications System
Competence of the Human Rights Committee
Procedure for Making Communications
Views of the Committee
Evaluation of Individual’s Communication System
Implementation of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
CHAPTER 47
Genocide
Apartheid
Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Slavery and Slave Trade
Forced or Compulsory Labour
Traffic in Persons and Prostitution
Racial Discrimination
Death Penalty
CHAPTER 48
VULNERABLE GROUPS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Women
Child
Migrant Workers
Refugees
Stateless Persons
Disabled Persons
Indigenous Peoples
Older Persons
Enforced Disappearance
Persons belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities
CHAPTER 49
International Conference on Human Rights (Tehran Conference)
World Conference on Human Rights (Vienna Conference) (1993)
CHAPTER 50
European Convention on Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights
European Social Charter
The American Convention on Human Rights
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
African Court on Human and People’s Rights
Arab Charter on Human Rights
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
CHAPTER 51
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
Application of Humanitarian Law
Historical Development of Humanitarian Law
Character of Humanitarian Law
